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• Cervical Cancer - Download in PDF format Emzor Pharmaceuticals

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Prevention

A. Primary Prevention

• Vaccination

  New vaccines are available to prevent infection by the HPV types most associated with cervical cancer deaths worldwide. These prophalytic vaccines represents life- saving drug in particularly for girls who have not yet been exposed to the virus though sexual activities.

  HPV vaccines are targeted at girls and women of age 9 to 26 because the vaccine only works if given before infection occurs; therefore, public health workers are targeting girls before they begin having sex. The vaccines have been shown to be effective for at least 4 to 6 years, and it is believed they will be effective for longer however the duration of effectiveness and whether a booster will be needed is unknown. Since the vaccines only cover some of the cancer causing ("high-risk") types of HPV, women should seek regular Pap smear screening, even after vaccination.

• Condoms

  Condoms offer some protection against cervical cancer. Evidence on whether condoms protect against HPV infection is mixed, but they may protect against genital warts and the precursors to cervical cancer. They also provide protection against other STDs, such as HIV and Chlamydia, which are associated with greater risks of developing cervical cancer.

  Condoms may also be useful in treating potentially precancerous changes in the cervix. Exposure to semen appears to increase the risk of precancerous changes and use of condoms helps to cause these changes to regress and helps clear HPV. One study suggests that prostaglandin in semen may fuel the growth of cervical and uterine tumors and that affected women may benefit from the use of condoms.

• Smoking avoidance

  Carcinogens from tobacco increase the risk for many cancer types, including cervical cancer, and women who smoke have about double the chance of a nonsmoker to develop cervical cancer.

• Nutrition

  Fruits and vegetables: Higher levels of vegetable consumption were associated with a 54% decrease risk of HPV persistence.

  Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic acid and Carotenoids are useful nutrients if present in the body

B. Secondary Prevention

Awareness & Screening